Question 1: What is the basic living unit of an organism?
Answer: Cell
Question 2: Name the instrument used to study cells.
Answer: Microscope
Question 3: Name the scientist who coined the term cell.
Answer: Robert Hooke coined the term ‘cell’.
Question 4: What is the meaning of term cell.
Answer: a small room
Question5: Name two unicellular organisms.
Answer: Amoeba and paramecium
Question6: Name two multicellular organisms.
Answer: Humans and cat
Question7: Do all cells have same shape?
Answer: No, they have different shapes.
Question7: What is tissue?
Answer: A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit is called tissue. Example:- blood, bone, and ligaments etc.
Question8: What is organ?
Answer: A collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular function. Example:- liver, heart, and lungs etc.
Question 9: Name one cell in human body which is spherical in shape.
Answer: Red blood cells
Question 10: Which cell receives and transfers messages?
Answer: Nerve cell
Question 11: What is the shape of muscle cells?
Answer: Spindle shaped
Question 12: What is the basic similarity among all the living organisms (plants and animals)?
Answer: They are made up of cells.
Question 13: Name the animal cell which is long and has thread like branches.
Answer: Nerve cell (a neuron) is the only animal cell which is long and has thread like branches.
Question 14: A hen’s egg can be seen easily. Is it a cell or a group of cells?
Answer: The egg of a hen represents a single cell and is big enough to be seen by the unaided eye.
Question15: What is the smallest size of cell?
Answer: 0.1 to 0.5 micrometre
Question16: What is the meaning of micrometre?
Answer: 10 lakhs part of a meter
Question17: What is the size of largest cell?
Answer: 170mm * 130mm
Question18: What do you mean by pseudopodia?
Answer: The false feet of Amoeba.
Question19: Name a single cell present in the human body which can change its shape.
Answer: White blood cell
Question20: What is the difference between WBC and Amoeba?
Answer: WBC is a cell were as amoeba is a full-fledged organism.
Question 21: Name one cell which can be seen by unaided eye.
Answer: Some cells are big enough to be seen with the unaided eye. Hen’s egg is an example.
Question 22: Name the outermost layer of an animal cell.
Answer: Cell membrane is the outermost layer of an animal cell.
Question 23: What are the basic parts of a cell?
Answer: The basic components of a cell are cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
Question 24: What is plasma membrane?
Answer: A layer which enclose cytoplasm and nucleus in it is called plasma membrane or cell memmbrane.
Question 25: What is cell membrane/ plasma membrane made up of?
Answer: The plasma membrane consists of both lipids and proteins.
Question 26: What is lipids?
Answer:Lipids are energy-rich organic molecules, which provide energy for different metabolic activity.
Question 27: What are the functions of cell membrane? Does it have areas from which substance go out.
Answer: The functions of cell membrane are:
- They enclose cytoplasm and nucleus in it.
- They membrane seprates cells from one another and also the cell from the surrounding medium.
Question 28: What is cell wall?
Answer: In addition to the cell membrane, there is an outer thick layer in cells of plants called cell wall. It gives rigid shape to the cell.
Question 29: Why is cell wall needed by the plant cells?
Answer: This additional layer surrounding the cell membrane is required by plants for protection. Plant cells need need protection against variations in temperature, high wind speed, atmospheric moisture etc.
Question 30: What is cytoplasm?
Answer: Jelly-like substance present between the cell membrane and the nucleus it is called cytoplasm.
Question 31: What is cytoplasm made up of?
Answer: Cytoplasm is made up of water,salts and protein.
Question 32: What is nucleus?
Answer: Nucleus is a spherical organelles located in the center of the cell.
Question 33: What is nuclear membrane?
Answer: Nucleus is seprated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane. This is also porous and allows the movement of materials between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus.
Question 34: What is nucleolus?
Answer: The nucleolus is a spherical structure found in nucleus whose basic function is to assemble and produce the cell's ribosomes.
Question 35: What are chromosomes?
Answer: Nucleus contains thread-like structures called chromosomes. These carry genes and help in inheritance or transfer of characters from the parents to the offspring.
Question 36: What are genes?
Answer: Gene is unit of inheritance in living organisms. It controls the transfer of a hereditary characteristic from parents to offspring. Genes are also called as DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Question 37: Write the functions of Nucleus?
Answer: Nucleus, in addition to its role in inheritance, acts as control center of the activites of the cell.
Question 38: What is protoplasm?
Answer: The entire content of a living cell is known as protoplasm. It includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Protoplasm is called the living substance of the cell.
Question 39: What are prokaryotic cells?
Answer: The cells having nuclear membrane are termed as prokaryotic cells. The organisms with these kinds of cells are called prokaryotes (pro: primitive; karyon:nucleus). Example:- bacteria and blue green algae.
Question 40: What are eukaryotic cells?
Answer: The cells, like onion cells and cheek cells having well-organised nucleus with nuclear membrane are designated as eukaryotic cells. All organisms other than bacteria and blue green algae are called eukaryotes. (eu:true; karyon:nucleus).
Question 41: What is vacuole?
Answer: Vacuoles are membrane bound transparent organelle present in both animal and plant cell. They have sac-like structure which stores salts, minerals, pigments and proteins which is called cell sap.
Question 42: How are the vacuoles in animal and plant cells different?
Answer: Plant cell has a big central vacuole unlike a number of small vacuoles in animal cells. It is temporary in animal cell and permanent in plant cell.
Question 43: What are Plastids?
Answer: Plastids are double-membrane organelles which are found in the cells of plants and algae. They are of different colours.
Question 44: What do chloroplasts contain?
Answer: Chlorophyll
Question 45: Name the organelle of a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place.
Answer: Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, which contain the chlorophyll.
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